Featured

• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2016). Policy Statement: Providing Care for Infants Born at Home. Pediatrics, 145(5): e20200626.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). Policy Statement: Endorsement of Health and Human Services Recommendation for Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatrics, 129(1): 190-192.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2002). Policy Statement: The Medical Home. Pediatrics, 110:184–186.
• Bakker, M. K., Bergman, J. E. H., Krikov, S., Amar, E., Cocchi, G., Cragan, J., . . . Botto, L. D. (2019). Prenatal diagnosis and prevalence of critical congenital heart defects: an international retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 9(7).
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Critical Congenital Heart Defects.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Data and Statistics on Congenital Heart Defects: Number of babies born with CCHD in U.S.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Changes in Home Births by Race and Hispanic Origin and State of Residence of Mother: United States, 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. National Vital Statistics Reports, 70(15).
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Actions in Support of Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease — United States, 2011–2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 68:107–111.
• Diller, C. L., Kelleman, M. S., Kupke, K. G., Quary, S. C., Kochilas, L. K., & Oster, M. E. (2018). A Modified Algorithm for Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Using Pulse Oximetry. Pediatrics, 141(5).
• Garg, L. C., Van Naarden Braun, K., Knapp, M. M., Anderson, T. M., Koppel, R. K., Hirsch, D., . . . Kemper, A. R. (2015). Results From the New Jersey Statewide Critical Congenital Heart Defects Screening Program. Pediatrics, 132(2), e314-e323.
• Gong, A., Guillory, C., Creel, L., Livingtson, J. E., McKee-Garrett, T-M., & Fortunov, R. (2017). A Multicenter Initiative for Critical Congenital Heart Disease Newborn Screening in Texas Neonatal Intensive Care Units. American Journal of Perinatology, 34(09): 839-844.
• Hom, L. A., Chan Salcedo, C., Revenis, M. & Martin, G. R. (2019). Quality Improvement Interventions to Improve Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening. Pediatric Quality and Safety, 4(5): e221.
• Jawin, V., Ang, H. L., Omar, A., & Thong, M. K. (2015). Newborn Screening Using Pulse Oximetry for Neonatal Sepsis and Respiratory Diseases in a Middle-Income Country. PLoS One, 10(9):e0137580.
• Kemper, A. R., Mahlo, W. T., Martin, G. R., Cooley, W. C., Kumar, P., Morrow, W. R., Howell, R. R. (2011). Strategies for Implementing Screening for CCHD. Pediatrics, 128(5), e1259-1267.
• Knapp, A. A., Metterville, D. R., Kemper, A. R., Prosser, L., & Perrin, J. M. (2010). Evidence Review: Critical Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau.
• Mahle, W. T., Newburger, J. W., Matherne, G. P., Smith, F. C., Hoke, T. R., Koppel, R., American Heart Association, & American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009). Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: A scientific statement from the AHA and the AAP. Pediatrics, 124(2):823-36.
• March of Dimes. (n.d.). Fact Sheet: Support Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) as part of the state newborn screening panel.
• Martin, G. R., Ewer, A. K., Gaviglio, A., Hom, L. A., Saarinen, A., Sontag, M, . . . Oster, M. E. (2020). Special Article: Updated Strategies for Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatrics, 146(1): e20191650.
• Martin, G. R., Beekman, R. H., Fasules, J., Garg, L. F., Kemper, A. R., Mahle, W. R., . . .  Pearson, G. D. (2013). Special Article: Implementing recommended screening for critical congenital heart disease. Pediatrics, 132, e185-192.
• Mayo Clinic. (2021). Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
• McClain, M. R., Hokanson, J. S., Grazel, R., Van Naarden Braun, K., Gaarg, L. F., Morris, M. R., . . . Sontag, M. K. (2017). Critical Congenital Heart Disease Newborn Screening Implementation: Lessons Learned. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 1240–1249 
• Oster, M. (2019). Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry. UptoDate.
• Oster, M. E., Aucott, S. W., Glidewell, J., Hackell, J., Kochilas, L., Martin, G. R., . . . Kemper, A. R. (2016). Special Article: Lessons Learned From Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects. Pediatrics, 137(5): e20154573.
• Peterson, C., Dawson, A., Grosse, S. D., Riehle-Colarusso, T., Olney, R. S., Tanner, J. P., & Cassell, C. H. (2013). Hospitalizations, Costs, and Mortality among Infants with Critical Congenital Heart Disease: How Important Is Timely Detection? Birth Defects Research, 97(10), 664-672.
• Plana M. N., Zamora, J., Suresh, G., Fernandez-Pineda, L., Thangaratinam, S., & Ewer, A. K. (2018). Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 
• Samuel, T. Y., Goldberg, S., Lahav, S., Mandel, D., Mimouni, F. B., Picard, E., & Bromiker, R. (2013). Newborn oxygen saturation at mild altitude versus sea level: implications for neonatal screening for critical congenital heart disease. Acta Paediatrica, 102(4), 379-384.
• Singh, Y., & Chen, S. E. (2022). Impact of pulse oximetry screening to detect congenital heart defects: 5 years’ experience in a UK regional neonatal unit. European Journal of Pediatrics, 181:813–821
• Texas Department of State Health Services. (2021). Critical Congenital Heart Disease - Frequently Asked Questions.
• Texas Department of State Health Services. (2021). Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in Texas.
• Texas Pulse Oximetry Project. (2021). CCHD Toolkit.
• Texas Pulse Oximetry Project. (2013). Video on CCHD.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. (2020). U.S. Recommended Uniform Screening Panel.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research. (2013). Transitioning Newborns from NICU to Home: A Resource Toolkit.
• West Virginia Perinatal Partnership. (2013). Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Program Toolkit, 4th Edition.

Patients and Families

• Baby’s First Test. CCHD information and videos.
• Texas Department of State Health Services. Critical Congenital Heart Disease bilingual Parent Education Brochures.
• Texas Health and Human Services Commission. Information for families about Medicaid benefits and pediatric health-care services.
• Texas Health Steps, information about finding a health-care provider and getting a ride to a checkup.
• Texas Health Steps Periodicity Schedule.
• Utah Department of Health. FAQs and other CCHD information for families.

Definitions

The medical definitions provided in this module were adapted or obtained from the American Academy of Pediatrics; the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the federal Health Resources and Services Administration; the March of Dimes; the Mayo Clinic; the National Library of Medicine; Stanford Medicine; the University of California, San Francisco; the U.S. National Library of Medicine and WebMD.

Continuing Medical Education

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited by the Texas Medical Association to provide continuing medical education for physicians. 

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Nursing Continuing Professional Development

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited as a provider of Nursing Continuing Professional Development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.00 contact hours of Nursing Continuing Professional Development.

Social Workers

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service, the continuing education provider, ensures that the education provided is directly related to the practice of social work; and that the individuals presenting the information have the necessary experience and knowledge in the topics presented. The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.00 hours of credit.

Certificate of Attendance

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has designated 1.00 hour(s) for attendance.

Certified Community Health Worker

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Promotor(a)/Community Health Worker Training and Certification Program has certified this course for 1.00 contact hour(s) of continuing education for Certified Community Health Workers and Community Health Worker Instructors.

General Disclosure

One of the requirements of continuing education is disclosure of the following information to the learner:

1. Notice of requirements for successful completion of continuing education activity. To receive continuing education credit the learner must successfully complete the following activities:
   • Create a Texas Health Steps account.
   • Complete on-line registration process.
   • Thoroughly read the content of the module.
   • Complete the on-line examination.
   • Complete the evaluation.
2. Commercial Support.
   The THSTEPS Web-based Continuing Education Series has received no commercial support.
3. Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships.
   The THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee and the authors of these modules have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.
4. Non-Endorsement Statement.
   Accredited status does not imply endorsement of any commercial products or services by the Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service; Texas Medical Association; or American Nurse Credentialing Center.
5. Off-Label Use.
   Using a disclosure review process, the THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee has examined documents and has concluded that the authors of these modules have not included content that discusses off-label use (use of products for a purpose other than that for which they were approved by the Food and Drug Administration).

The following are policies and definitions of terms related to continuing education disclosure:

The intent of disclosure is to allow Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service the opportunity to resolve any potential conflicts of interest to assure balance, independence, objectivity and scientific rigor in all of its Continuing Education activities.

All faculty, planners, speakers and authors of Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service any relevant financial, relationships with any commercial or personal interest that produces health care goods or services concerned with the content of an educational presentation. Faculty, planners, speakers and authors must also disclose where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.

Glossary of Terms

Conflict of Interest: Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect Continuing Education content about products or services of a commercial interest with which she/he has a financial relationship or where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.

Commercial Interest: Any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients.

Financial Relationships: Those relationships in which the individual benefits by receiving a salary, royalty, intellectual property rights, consulting fee, honoraria, ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interest, excluding diversified mutual funds), or other financial benefit. Financial benefits are usually associated with roles such as employment, management position, independent contractor (including contracted research), consulting, teaching, membership on advisory committees or review panels, board membership, and other activities for which remuneration is received or expected. Relevant financial relationships would include those within the past 12 months of the person involved in the activity and a spouse or partner. Relevant financial relationships of your spouse or partner are those of which you are aware at the time of this disclosure.

Off Label: Using products for a purpose other that that for which it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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