Featured

• American Academy of Pediatrics. Bright Futures Guidelines and Pocket Guide.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. HealthyChildren.org. (2020). Guns in the Home: How to Keep Kids Safe.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. (2023). News Release. Child Injuries Due to High-Powered Magnet Ingestion Continue Despite Public Education Efforts and Age Restrictions.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. (2023). News Release. Safety Tips on Drowning Prevention. Includes a video about drowning and racism and a Spanish language video on drowning prevention.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. (2018). Child Passenger Safety. Pediatrics, 142(5): e20182460.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. Policy Statement. (2023). Child Pedestrian Safety. Pediatrics, 152(1): e2023062506.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. (2019). Prevention of Drowning. Pediatrics, 143(5): e20190850.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. Policy Statement. (2022). Recommendations for the Prevention of Pediatric ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries. Pediatrics, 150(4): e2022059279.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. (2019). Transporting Children With Special Health Care Needs. Pediatrics, 143(5): e20190724.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Technical Report. (2019). Alcohol Use by Youth. Pediatrics, 144(1): e20191357.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. Technical Report. (2022). Firearm-Related Injuries and Deaths in Children and Youth. Pediatrics, 150(6): e2022060071.
• American Academy of Pediatricians. Technical Report. (2022). Evidence Base for 2022 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment to Reduce the Risk of Sleep-Related Infant Deaths. Pediatrics, 150 (1): e2022057991.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Technical Report. (2021). Prevention of Drowning. Pediatrics, 148 (2): e2021052227.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. TIPP (The Injury Prevention Program). (n.d.). Handouts to assist pediatricians with injury prevention counseling.
• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2022). What is Medical Home?
• Bode, S.M., Hoffman, B.D., Chapman, S.H., Kaczorowski, J.M., Best, D.L., Shah, A.N., . . . Braner, D. (2022). Academic Careers in Advocacy: Aligning Institutional Values Through Use of an Advocacy Portfolio. Pediatrics, 150(1): e2021055014.
• Buck-Atkinson, J., McCarthy, M., Stanley, I.H., Harnke, B., Anestis, M.D., Bryan, C.J., Baker, J.C., & Betz, M.E. (2023). Firearm locking device preferences among firearm owners in the USA: a systematic review. Injury Epidemiology, 10(1): 33.
• Burch, C., Webb, A., Jorge, E., King, B., Nichols, M., Monroe, K. (2023). Safe at home: prevention of pediatric unintentional injuries. Injury Epidemiolgy, 10(1):30.
• Burr, W.H., Lee, L.K., Hoffman, B.D., Somberg, C., & Zonfrillo, M.R. (2023). Pediatrician-Reported Injury Prevention Anticipatory Guidance by Patient Age Group. Academic Pediatrics, 23(3), 610-615.
• Cannon, A.D., Reese, K., Tetens, P., & Fingar, K.R. (2023). Preventable tragedies: findings from the #NotAnAccident index of unintentional shootings by children. Injury Epidemiology.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Drug Overdose Deaths Among Persons Aged 10–19 Years — United States, July 2019–December 2021. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): 71(50): 1576–1582.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Drowning Prevention. (2024). Drowning Facts.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Injury Prevention and Control. (2021). Injuries Among Children and Teens.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Transportation Safety. (2022). Transportation Safety. Teen Drivers and Passengers: Get the Facts.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury. (2020). Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Contact Sports–Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children — United States, 2001–2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 69(27): 870–874.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Injury Prevention & Control. (2021). Leading Causes of Death and Injury.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Explore Leading Causes of Death.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, WISQARS (2021). Unintentional (Includes undetermined) Motor Vehicle Occupant Nonfatal Emergency Department Visits and Rates per 100,000.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2021). Young Worker Safety and Health.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking & Tobacco Use. (2023). Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens and Young Adults.
• Children’s Safety Network. (n.d.). Unintentional Poisoning Deaths in U.S. Infants, Children, and Adolescents.
• Damashek, A., Morrongiello, B., Diaz, F., Prokos, S., & Arbour, E. (2022). Tailoring a Child Injury Prevention Program for Low-Income U.S. Families. Clinical Practice Pediatric Psychology, 10(3): 284-294.
• DeGeorge, K. C., Neltner, C. E., & Neltner, B. T. (2020). Prevention of Unintentional Childhood Injury. American Family Physician, 102(7): 411-417.
• Gaw, C. E., Berthet, E., Curry, A. E., Zonfrillo, M. R., Arbogast, K. B., & Corwin, D. J. (2020). Pediatric Health Care Provider Perspectives on Injury Prevention Counseling in Acute and Primary Care Settings. Clinical Pediatrics, 59(13): 1150–1160.
• Klein, D. A., Paradise, S. L., & Landis, C. A. (2020). Screening and Counseling Adolescents and Young Adults: A Framework for Comprehensive Care. American Family Physician, 101(3): 147–158.
• Ksinan, A.J., Dalecká. A., Kukla, L., Pikhart, H., & Bobák, M. (2024). Early-Life Temperamental Differences as Longitudinal Predictors of Unintentional Injuries. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 49(1): 35–44.
• Macy, M.L., Lee, J., Sadiqa, K., Zonfrillo, M.R., & Hill, A. (2023). Ease of Use ratings and real-world child restraint system errors from Safe Kids Illinois seat checks, 2015–2019. Traffic Injury Prevention, 24(7): 625-631.
• Mayo Clinic. (2020). Mayo Clinic Q and A: What is ‘dry drowning?’
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (n.d.) Driver Assistance Technologies.
• Null, J. (2022). Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles.
• Rix, K., Demchur, N. J., Zane, D. F., & Brown, L. H. (2021). Injury rates per mile of travel for electric scooters versus motor vehicles. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 40: 166-168.
• Schwebel, D.C., Ramos, W., Gilchrist, J., & Dixon, C.A. (2023). Expanding the Concept of Caregiver Supervision to Prevent Child Drowning. Pediatrics, 151(3):e2022060240.
• Sylvestre, M-P., Wellman, R. J., Ahun, M., Datta, G., Jutras-Aswad, D., & Loughlin, J. O. (2020). Discrete time measures versus trajectories of drinking frequency across adolescence as predictors of binge drinking in young adulthood: a longitudinal investigation. BMJ Open, 10(9): e035939.
• Texas Department of State Health Services. (2021). Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).
• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. (2023). Pool or Spa Submersion: Estimated Nonfatal Drowning Injuries and Reported Drownings, 2023 Report.
• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. (2023). 2022 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels.
• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. (2023). E-scooter and E-bike Injuries Soar: 2022 Injuries Increased Nearly 21%.
• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. (2023). High-Powered Magnetic Balls Recalled Due to Ingestion Hazard; Sold Exclusively on Walmart.com through Joybuy.
• Vaishnav, A., Smith, G.A., Badeti, J. & Michaels, N.L. (2023). An epidemiological study of unintentional pediatric firearm fatalities in the USA, 2009–2018. Injury Epidemiology, 10(25).

Medical Definitions

The medical definitions in this module were obtained from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

Continuing Medical Education

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited by the Texas Medical Association to provide continuing medical education for physicians. 

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Continuing Nursing Education

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.25 contact hour(s) of Continuing Nursing Education.

Certified Health Education Specialists

Sponsored by The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service, a designated provider of continuing education contact hours (CECH) in health education by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. This program is designated for Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES®) and/or Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES®) to receive up to 1.25 total Category I contact education contact hours. Maximum advanced-level continuing education contact hours available are 1.25.

Social Workers

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service, the continuing education provider, ensures that the education provided is directly related to the practice of social work; and that the individuals presenting the information have the necessary experience and knowledge in the topics presented. The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.25 hours of credit.

Certificate of Attendance

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has designated 1.25 hour(s) for attendance.

Certified Community Health Worker

The Texas Department of State Health Services, Promotor(a)/Community Health Worker Training and Certification Program has certified this course for 1.25 contact hour(s) of continuing education for Certified Community Health Workers and Community Health Worker Instructors.

General Disclosure

One of the requirements of continuing education is disclosure of the following information to the learner:

1. Notice of requirements for successful completion of continuing education activity. To receive continuing education credit the learner must successfully complete the following activities:
   • Create a Texas Health Steps account.
   • Complete on-line registration process.
   • Thoroughly read the content of the module.
   • Complete the on-line examination.
   • Complete the evaluation.
2. Commercial Support.
   The THSTEPS Web-based Continuing Education Series has received no commercial support.
3. Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships.
   The THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee and the authors of these modules have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.
4. Non-Endorsement Statement.
   Accredited status does not imply endorsement of any commercial products or services by the Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service; Texas Medical Association; or American Nurse Credentialing Center.
5. Off-Label Use.
   Using a disclosure review process, the THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee has examined documents and has concluded that the authors of these modules have not included content that discusses off-label use (use of products for a purpose other than that for which they were approved by the Food and Drug Administration).

The following are policies and definitions of terms related to continuing education disclosure:

The intent of disclosure is to allow Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service the opportunity to resolve any potential conflicts of interest to assure balance, independence, objectivity and scientific rigor in all of its Continuing Education activities.

All faculty, planners, speakers and authors of Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service any relevant financial, relationships with any commercial or personal interest that produces health care goods or services concerned with the content of an educational presentation. Faculty, planners, speakers and authors must also disclose where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.

Glossary of Terms

Conflict of Interest: Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect Continuing Education content about products or services of a commercial interest with which she/he has a financial relationship or where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.

Commercial Interest: Any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients.

Financial Relationships: Those relationships in which the individual benefits by receiving a salary, royalty, intellectual property rights, consulting fee, honoraria, ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interest, excluding diversified mutual funds), or other financial benefit. Financial benefits are usually associated with roles such as employment, management position, independent contractor (including contracted research), consulting, teaching, membership on advisory committees or review panels, board membership, and other activities for which remuneration is received or expected. Relevant financial relationships would include those within the past 12 months of the person involved in the activity and a spouse or partner. Relevant financial relationships of your spouse or partner are those of which you are aware at the time of this disclosure.

Off Label: Using products for a purpose other that that for which it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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