Immunization
Welcome to the training on Immunization provided by the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) and the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS).
Credit Hours: 1.50 CE
EnrollGoal
The goal of this module is to equip Texas Health Steps providers and other interested health care professionals to apply the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) immunization schedules and recommendations, counsel parents about immunizations and employ best practices for vaccine administration, storage and handling and reporting.
Target Audience
Texas Health Steps providers and other interested health care professionals.
Specific Learning Objectives
After completing the activities of this module, you will be able to:
- Apply the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine and catch-up immunization schedules for children and adolescents.
- Assess effective strategies for counseling parents about the importance of vaccinating their children.
- Specify precautions and contraindications that affect administration of vaccines.
- Summarize appropriate administration routes and techniques to use when vaccinating children and adolescents.
- Employ proper procedures for the safe storage and handling of vaccines.
- Employ the features of the Texas Immunization Registry (ImmTrac2) to improve delivery of immunizations and meet legal reporting requirements.
Please note this module expires on 9/8/2026.
This module was released on 9/8/2023.
Featured
Boom JA, Dragsbaek AC, Nelson CS. The Success of an Immunization Information System in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina. Pediatrics. 2007 Jun;119(6):1213-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3251. PMID: 17545393.
Committee on Infectious Diseases; Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2023. Pediatrics March 2023; 151 (3): e2022061029. 10.1542/peds.2022-061029.
Harrington JW, Logan S, Harwell C, Gardner J, Swingle J, McGuire E, Santos R. Effective analgesia using physical interventions for infant immunizations. Pediatrics. 2012 May;129(5):815-22. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1607. Epub 2012 Apr 16. PMID: 22508924.
Hyle EP, Rao SR, Bangs AC, Gastañaduy P, Fiebelkorn AP, Hagmann SHF, Walker AT, Walensky RP, Ryan ET, LaRocque RC. Clinical Practices for Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination Among US Pediatric International Travelers. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Feb 1;174(2):e194515. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4515. Epub 2020 Feb 3. PMID: 31816033; PMCID: PMC6902185.
Kroger A, Bahta L, Long S, Sanchez P. Best Practices Guidance. (2023) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Recommendations and Guidelines of the ACIP. Comprehensive Recommendations and Guidelines. General Best Practice Guidelines.
MacMillan, C. Herd Immunity: Will We Ever Get There? May 21, 2021. Yale Medicine.
McClung N.M., Lewis R.M., Gargano J.W., Querec T., Unger E.R., Markowitz L.E., (2019). Declines in Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Females Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: Data From a National Survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65(6): 715-722.
Rockwell PG. ACIP Approves 2022 Adult and Child/Adolescent Immunization Schedules. Am Fam Physician. 2022 Mar 1;105(3):324-326. PMID: 35289559.
Sapçi E, Bilsin Kocamaz E, Gungormus Z. Effects of applying external cold and vibration to children during vaccination on pain, fear and anxiety. Complement Ther Med. 2021 May;58:102688. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102688. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33640458.
Shen SC, Dubey V. Addressing vaccine hesitancy: Clinical guidance for primary care physicians working with parents. Can Fam Physician. 2019 Mar;65(3):175-181. PMID: 30867173; PMCID: PMC6515949.
Su HC, Hsieh CW, Lai NM, Chou PY, Lin PH, Chen KH. Using Vibrating and Cold Device for Pain Relieves in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021 Mar 15;61:23-33. PMID 33735633.
Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Logeman C, Gudzak V, de Boer A, Constantin K, Lee S, Moline R, Uleryk E, Chera T, MacDonald NE, Pham B. Prevalence of pain and fear as barriers to vaccination in children - Systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022 Dec 12;40(52):7526-7537. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.026. Epub 2022 Oct 22. PMID: 36283899.
Ventola CL. Immunization in the United States: Recommendations, Barriers, and Measures to Improve Compliance: Part 1: Childhood Vaccinations. P T. 2016 Jul;41(7):426-36. PMID: 27408519; PMCID: PMC4927017.
World Health Organization. (2005). Monitoring vaccine wastage at country level: guidelines for programme managers. World Health Organization.
Yang YT, Broniatowski DA, Reiss DR. Government Role in Regulating Vaccine Misinformation on Social Media Platforms. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(11):1011–1012. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2838.
Definitions
The medical definitions provided in this module were adapted from the American Academy of Pediatrics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Free Dictionary, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Continuing Medical Education
The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited by the Texas Medical Association to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Continuing Nursing Education
The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.50 contact hour(s) of Continuing Nursing Education.
Social Workers
The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service under sponsor number CS3065 has been approved by the Texas State Board of Social Worker Examiners to offer continuing education contact hours to social workers. The approved status of The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service expires annually on December 31. The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has awarded 1.50 contact hour(s) of Continuing Social Work Education.
Certified Health Education Specialists
Sponsored by The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service, a designated provider of continuing education contact hours (CECH) in health education by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. This program is designated for Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) and/or Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES) to receive up to 1.50 total entry-level Category I contact education contact hours.
Certificate of Attendance
The Texas Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service has designated 1.50 hour(s) for attendance.
Disclosure - IMMU
One of the requirements of continuing education is disclosure of the following information to the learner:
- Notice of requirements for successful completion of continuing education activity. To receive continuing education credit the learner must successfully complete the following activities:
- Create a Texas Health Steps account.
- Complete on-line registration process.
- Thoroughly read the content of the module.
- Complete the on-line examination.
- Complete the evaluation.
- Commercial Support.
The THSTEPS Web-based Continuing Education Series has received no commercial support. - Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships.
The THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee has the following relevant financial relationships to disclose:- Flor Rivas-Munoz - Physician - Grant/Research Support - National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Janssen
- Flor Rivas-Munoz - Physician - Consultant - Data Safety Monitoring Board, Moderna, Pfizer
- Non-Endorsement Statement.
Accredited status does not imply endorsement of any commercial products or services by the Department of State Health Services, Continuing Education Service; Texas Medical Association; or American Nurse Credentialing Center. - Off-Label Use.
Using a disclosure review process, the THSTEPS Continuing Education Planning Committee has examined documents and has concluded that the authors of these modules have not included content that discusses off-label use (use of products for a purpose other than that for which they were approved by the Food and Drug Administration).
The following are policies and definitions of terms related to continuing education disclosure:
The intent of disclosure is to allow Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service the opportunity to resolve any potential conflicts of interest to assure balance, independence, objectivity and scientific rigor in all of its Continuing Education activities.
All faculty, planners, speakers and authors of Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Continuing Education Service any relevant financial, relationships with any commercial or personal interest that produces health care goods or services concerned with the content of an educational presentation. Faculty, planners, speakers and authors must also disclose where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.
Glossary of Terms
Conflict of Interest: Circumstances create a conflict of interest when an individual has an opportunity to affect Continuing Education content about products or services of a commercial interest with which she/he has a financial relationship or where there are any other potentially biasing relationships of a professional or personal nature.
Commercial Interest: Any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients.
Financial Relationships: Those relationships in which the individual benefits by receiving a salary, royalty, intellectual property rights, consulting fee, honoraria, ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interest, excluding diversified mutual funds), or other financial benefit. Financial benefits are usually associated with roles such as employment, management position, independent contractor (including contracted research), consulting, teaching, membership on advisory committees or review panels, board membership, and other activities for which remuneration is received or expected. Relevant financial relationships would include those within the past 12 months of the person involved in the activity and a spouse or partner. Relevant financial relationships of your spouse or partner are those of which you are aware at the time of this disclosure.
Off Label: Using products for a purpose other that that for which it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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Resources
Section 1: Overview of the Benefits of Immunization and the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Schedule
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Evidence-Based Recommendations—GRADE. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). HPV and Cancer. How Many Cancers Are Linked with HPV Each Year? Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Genital HPV Infection – Basic Fact Sheet. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). HPV and Men – Fact Sheet. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Immunization Schedules. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Immunization Schedules. Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Immunization Schedules. For Healthcare Providers. Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age. (Recommendations for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2023). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023) Immunization Schedules. For Healthcare Providers. Resources. CDC Vaccine Schedules App for Healthcare Providers. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Immunization Schedules. Recommended Vaccinations for Infants and Children, Parent-Friendly Version (birth through 6 years, United States, 2023). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Provider Resources for Vaccine Conversation with Parents. Ensuring the Safety of Vaccines in the United States. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). U.S. National Authority for Containment of Poliovirus. Office of Readiness and Response. Polio Disease and Poliovirus Containment. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Vaccines for Children Program (VFC). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Vaccines for Children Program (VFC). VFC Infographic: Protecting America’s Children Every Day. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Information Statements (VISs). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Information Statements (VISs). Current VISs. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine: What you Need to Know. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). ACIP Vaccine Recommendations and Guidelines. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Influenza ACIP Vaccine Recommendations. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Meningococcal ACIP Vaccine Recommendations. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Safety. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Vaccine Safety. Safety Information by Vaccine. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). YouTube. Understanding the ACIP and How Vaccine Recommendations are Made in the US. Viewing time approximately 5 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
Mayo Clinic. (2023). Healthy Lifestyle. Infant and toddler Health. Childhood Vaccines: Tough questions, straight answers. Accessed July 2023.
National Institute of Health. (2021). National Cancer Institute. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Immunization Unit. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Vaccines for Children Program – Immunizations Unit. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS Teen) 2020, Texas. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) 2020, Texas. Accessed July 2023.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2023). Immunization. Accessed July 2023.
World Health Organization. (2023). Smallpox. Accessed July 2023.
Section 2: Immunization Barriers and Solutions
American Academy of Family Physicians. AAFP News. April 12, 2019. Looking for Tips on Talking with Parents About Vaccines? Accessed July 2023.
American Academy of Family Physicians. AAFP News. August 10, 2022. U.S. Childhood Vaccination Rates Buck Global Trends. Accessed July 2023.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Patient Care. (2023). Talking with Vaccine Hesitant Parents. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. (2021). The Pink Book: Course Textbook – 14th Edition (2021). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. The Pink Book Home. Chapters. Immunization Strategies for Healthcare Practices and Providers. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Global Measles Outbreaks. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Reminder Systems and Strategies for Increasing Childhood Vaccination Rates. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Measles Cases and Outbreaks. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Why CDC Is Involved with Global Measles & Rubella. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). The Mpox JYNNEOS Vaccine.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Mumps Cases and Outbreaks. Accessed July 2023.
American Academy of Family Physicians. April 12, 2019. Looking for Tips on Talking with Parents About Vaccines? Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Vaccinating Pregnant Women. Accessed July 2023.
Dallas County Department of Health and Human Services. December 13, 2016. Health Update (2): Mumps. Accessed July 2023.
Immunize.org. Handouts: Topic Index. (2023). Standing Orders Templates for Administering Vaccines.. Accessed July 2023.
Immunize.org. Talking about Vaccines. (2023). Responding to Parents. Accessed July 2023.
National Conference of State Legislatures. Brief. (May 25, 2022). States With Religious and Philosophical Exemptions From School Immunization Requirements. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Family Code, Section 32.1011 of Subchapter B, Chapter 32 defines specific circumstances when teenage parents can legally consent to their own immunizations. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Family Codes Chapter 151, 153, Chapter 32 §32.002, and Chapter 32 §32.102, and Texas Administrative Code, Title 25, Part 1, Chapter 97, Subchapter C, §97.91 define the rights and duties in parent-child relationship, consent to treatments required, informed consent to immunization, and state the requirements that Texas Vaccine for Children providers must provide on the risks and benefits associated with each vaccine. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Immunization Unit. Adult Safety Net Program. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Annual Report of immunization Status of Students 2021-2022 School Year: DSHS Immunization Section. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Annual Report of Immunization Status of Students 2022-2023 School Year: DSHS Immunization Section. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. 2020-2021 Conscientious Exemptions by School District. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Conscientious Exemptions Data – Vaccination Coverage Levels. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Vaccination Coverage Levels in Texas Schools. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Health Advisory: Potential risk for new mpox cases. (2023).
Texas Department of State Health Services. Provider Eligibility – Texas Vaccines for Children. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Vaccines for Children Program – Immunizations Unit. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Measles (Rubeola). Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Measles (Rubeola) – 2019. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Measles (Rubeola) Data. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Mumps. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Mumps Data. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Data. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Health and Human Services. Texas Health Steps. Accessed July 2023.
Texas House Bill 44. 2023-2024. 88th Legislature. Enrolled. Relating to provider discrimination against a Medicaid recipient or child health plan program enrollee based on immunization status. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Medicaid & Healthcare Partnership (TMHP). (2023) Texas Medicaid Provider Procedures Manual website. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Senate Bill 29. 2023-2024. 88th Legislature. Enrolled. Relating to prohibited governmental entity implementation or enforcement of a vaccine mandate, mask requirement, or private business or school closure to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Accessed July 2023.
The Dallas Morning News. Johnson County mumps outbreak is worst Texas has seen in years. December 5, 2016. Accessed 2023.
GAVI: The Vaccine Alliance (formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) tracks the progress of creating equal access to new and underused vaccines for children living in the world’s poorest countries. Accessed July 2023.
The Texas Tribune. Texas investigating highly contagious whooping cough at state Capitol. March 25, 2019. Accessed July 2023.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC). Accessed July 2023.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC). Reports & Recommendations. Accessed July 2023.
Vaccine Resources:
- Texas Department of State Health Services. Immunization Unit. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Immunization Education & Training. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). The Pink Book: Course Textbook – 14th Edition (2021). Accessed July 2023.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021). Immunizations. Accessed July 2023.
- The Immunization Partnership website. See www.immunizeusa.org. Accessed July 2023.
- Immunize.org website [formerly the Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)]. Accessed July 2023.
World Health Organization Disease Outbreak News. (2022). Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update. Accessed July 2023.
Section 3: Administration Contraindications and Precautions
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheets for Recipients and Caregivers. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Pink Book Home. (2021). Appendix A: Schedules and Recommendations. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Pink Book Home. (2021). Appendix D: Vaccine Safety. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). COVID-19 EUA Fact Sheets for Recipients and Caregivers. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Current VISs. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Instructions for Using VISs. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Contraindications and Precautions. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Safety Information for Healthcare Providers. Accessed July 2023.
Immunize.org. (2022). Guide to Contraindications and Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines for All Ages.
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) (2013). 2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Vaccination of the Immunocompomised Host (Archived) and Errata. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Immunization Unit, Vaccine Safety. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Reporting Adverse Events (VAERS). Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Information for Healthcare Providers. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) – Immunization Unit. Accessed July 2023.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022) Vaccine Types. Accessed July 2023.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) webpage. Accessed July 2023.
Section 4: Administration Techniques
California Department of Public Health. Immunization Site Map downloads:
- Sample Infant Immunization Site Map (page 1)
- Sample Toddler Immunization Site Map (page 2)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Pink Book. (2021). The Pink Book: Course Textbook – 14th Edition (2021). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Administer the Vaccine(s). Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Administer the Vaccine(s) Administration Routes. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). How to Hold Your Child During Vaccination. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Make Shots Less Stressful.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021) Vaccines When Your Child Is Sick. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Timing and Spacing of Immunobiologics: General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Fainting (Syncope) after Vaccination. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Multiple Vaccinations at Once. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention YouTube training:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. YouTube. (2017). Rotarix (RV1). Viewing time approximately 5 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. YouTube. (2017). RotaTeq (RV5). Viewing time approximately 4 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. YouTube. (2017). Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV). Viewing time approximately 4 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. YouTube. (2017). Subcutaneous (SC or Subcut) Injection: Administration. Viewing time approximately 6 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. YouTube. (2017). Intramuscular (IM) Injection: Sites. Viewing time approximately 5 minutes. Accessed July 2023.
Immunize.org. Handout. (2023). Administering Vaccines: Dose, Route, Site, and Needle Size. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. (2023). "How to Administer Vaccinations" (Anatomic Sites for Immunizations) Poster (Bilingual). Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. (2019). "Giving All the Doses Chart" (English). Accessed July 2023.
Section 5: Vaccine Storage and Handling
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit web page. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers extensive online training for proper vaccine storage and handling on its Vaccines & Immunizations Vaccine Storage and Handling Resources: Recommendations and Guidelines web page. You Call the Shots is an interactive, web-based module of learning opportunities, self-test practice questions, reference and resource materials, and an extensive glossary. Accessed July 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. offers detailed information about maintaining the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Health and Human Services. HHS Learning Portal. Accessed July 2023. 2023 Texas Vaccines for Children /Adult Safety Net (TVFC/ASN) Provider Policy Training including
- Appropriate TVFC/ASN vaccine management practices, including the ordering, storage and handling of vaccines.
- Appropriate TVFC/ASN program and policy requirements (including provider eligibility & enrollment, patient eligibility & screening, program evaluation, fraud & abuse and records management)
Section 6: Using ImmTrac2 to Serve Texas Children and Adolescents
Texas Department of State Health Services. ImmTrac2: Texas Immunization Registry. Site Agreement. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. ImmTrac2 Texas Immunization Registry. ImmTrac2 Forms and Documents. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Department of State Health Services. ImmTrac2 Texas Immunization Registry. Accessed July 2023.
Texas Health and Safety Code. Title 2. Health. Subtitle H. Public Health Provisions. Chapter 161. Public Health Provisions. Subchapter A. Immunizations. Accessed July 2023.